Basic stitches are divided into creative and decorative stitches used in embroidery.
Creative stitches are further divided into temporary and permanent stitches.
Temporary stitches
Basting or tacking is a temporary stitch used to hold two or more layers of material together before the permanent stitch is made. This stitch is usually horizontal and worked from right to left.
It is a single stitch, starting with a knot. Use a contrasting colored thread for basting so it can be easily seen and removed.
Stitch length will vary depending on the weight of the fabric and how securely the pieces are to be held together. To finish the basting, use two stitches, one over the other.
Permanent stitches
Sewing in a permanent stitch avoid using knots when starting and finishing. Start with a small backstitch if it can be hidden under the permanent stitch, or leave a small length of thread (about 2 to 3 cm) extending out on the wrong side, which can be tucked under the first few permanent stitches and held.
To finish the stitch, bring the thread to the wrong side and secure with a loop. This is a simple form of hand sewing used on almost every garment.
Embroidery Stitches
In addition to weaving and printing techniques, embroidery work gives fabric a decorative look. There are various types of embroidery stitches, known by specific names.
Successful embroidery work requires that you learn basic stitches. Furthermore, you must acquire the ability to select the correct stitch type, design, and color combination for the type of fabric and the purpose and use of the garment or article to be embroidered.
Stitches should be tight enough to avoid loops and yet loose enough to prevent the material from shrinking. When beginning embroidery, the design should be outlined first.
The outline must always be done correctly, otherwise the design will lose its shape. Embroidery is a process where needle and thread are used to embellish a fabric base that has been classified.
How do you decide what embroidery stitches to use?
There are various types of embroidery stitches, and their uses:
Flat stitch
When we make stitches that lie flat on the surface of the fabric, they are called flat stitches.
Running stitch, back stitch, stem stitch, raised stem stitch, couching, and detached couching—all of these are flat stitches.
Looped stitch
Looped stitches are stitches that are made by looping the thread on the needle.
Chain stitch, cable chain stitch, lazy daisy stitch, double lazy daisy, buttonhole stitch, closed buttonhole, cluster buttonhole, feather stitch, double feather stitch, closed feather stitch all of these are looped stitches.
Cross stitch
Cross stitches are stitches that are made by crossing two stitches. The stitch length can vary, but it has a crossing structure.
Herringbone stitch, double herringbone, fishbone stitch, open Romanian stitch, cross stitch, double cross stitch are types of cross stitches.
Knotted stitch
Knotted stitches are a type of stitch in which a thread is tied with a knot using a needle. Like French knot, bullion knot, etc.
Filling stitches
Stitches that are used to fill an entire area are called filling stitches. These can be long strands of thread, such as satin stitch, or short satin stitch.
Stem stitch
Often used. This is one of the simplest stitches. It is worked on a traced line. It is a line stitch used to outline designs, especially stems and leaves.
It can also be used to fill in small designs by working multiple rows simultaneously.
Blanket stitch
Blanket stitch is used as a decorative edge for blankets and other items, or as part of a design for which the blanket stitch forms a border.
Closed blanket stitch
Primarily used for scallop stitches. The beauty of scallop stitches lies in the regularity of the stitches, which should be as close as possible.
Buttonhole stitch
Similar to blanket stitch. The difference is that the stitches are closer together and of equal height.
Fishbone stitch
Used for larger motifs. It is created by gathering the fabric slightly with the stitches.
Straight feather stitch
Straight feather stitch is worked similarly to blanket stitch, but the stitches are diagonally from both sides toward a center line.
You can create a double or triple feather stitch by making two or three diagonal stitches on one side and then the same number on the other side. It is used for border patterns.
Chain stitch
Used for filling. It can be used simultaneously to fill larger shapes or to work single rows. This stitch results in a loop, which will later form a link. The link can be of varying lengths, evenly spaced.
Hem stitch
Used as a decorative stitch on edges. Different designs can be created by working a single or double hem. The fabric suitable for this type of stitch is linen of even weave.
Lazy daisy stitch
Performed in the same way as chain stitch, with the only difference being that the loop is caught by a stitch at the end. It can be used to depict flowers and leaves.
Herringbone stitch
Used as a decorative stitch, as well as for finishing the raw edges of hems and seams. Two rows of running stitches are visible on the wrong side. When worked closely on the wrong side, this stitch can be used for shadow work.
Cross stitch
Made up of two diagonal stitches that cross in the middle. This stitch doesn't require much experience.
The beauty of the work depends primarily on regularity and a good choice of color. Choose a fairly thick material that can be used to count the threads or as a temporary canvas. This is usually used to fill in a third design.
Tools for Embroidery Work
The following tools are used during embroidery work:
Embroidery frame
An embroidery frame is typically circular in shape. It consists of two rings: an inner ring and an outer ring.
The fabric is placed between these rings and held taut using an adjustable screw located on the outer ring.
The frame helps keep the fabric uniformly stretched, thereby maintaining consistent tension throughout the embroidery work.
Round frames are available in diameters ranging from 10 to 25 cm. Larger frames are generally designed with clamps—equipped with an adjustment screw—to allow them to be securely attached to a table.
Embroidery scissors
Sharp, pointed embroidery scissors are an essential tool. They feature long handles and possess narrow, pointed blades. These are used specifically for cutting fine and short threads.
Embroidery threads
Embroidery threads are generally thicker than the threads used in the fabric itself. The finest threads possess a remarkably smooth texture, which enhances the crisp definition of the embroidery work.
Stranded cotton threads are lustrous threads composed of six individual strands that can be easily separated.
A single strand may be used for intricate, fine work, while multiple strands can be utilized to achieve a bolder effect.
Threads are available in hundreds of colors. Pearl cotton thread consists of two plies twisted together to create a beaded or pearl-like effect.
Soft embroidery cotton is a thicker thread, typically used on heavier fabrics. Silk threads lend a luxurious quality to stitching but are more expensive than cotton threads.
Embroidery needles
Embroidery needles feature large eyes to allow stranded threads to pass through. They are available with either sharp or rounded tips, and their sizes are designated by numbers ranging from 14 to 24.
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